Caninae

The Caninae are the only living subfamily of Canidae. Many extinct species of Caninae were endemic to North America, living from 34 Mya—11,000 years ago. Some members of the endemic North American canines survived to the present time. This subfamily was recently revised by Tedford, Wang, and Taylor (2009). More basal canids are placed in the extinct subfamilies Hesperocyoninae and Borophaginae.

Present-day basal Caninae include:
 * Genus Otocyon (probably a vulpine close to Urocyon)
 * Bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis
 * Genus Nyctereutes
 * Raccoon dog, Nyctereutes procyonoides
 * Genus Cuon
 * Dhole, Cuon alpinus

Additional reading

 * Xiaoming Wang, Richard H. Tedford, Mauricio Antón, Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History, New York : Columbia University Press, 2008; ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3