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Cow sharks , or the Hexanchidae , are a family of sharks characterized by an additional pair or pairs of gill slits . There are currently known to be four species in three genera, Heptranchias , Hexanchus and Notorynchus ,.[2] [3]
Cow sharks are considered the most primitive of all the sharks, because their skeletons resemble those of ancient extinct forms, with few modern adaptations. Their excretory and digestive systems are also unspecialised, suggesting that they may resemble those of primitive shark ancestors. Their most distinctive feature, however, is the presence of a sixth, and, in two genera, a seventh, gill slit, in addition to the five found in all other sharks.[4] They range from 1.4 metres (4.6 ft) to over 5.5 metres (18 ft) in adult body length.
Cow sharks are ovoviviparous , with the mother retaining the egg-cases in her body until they hatch. They feed on relatively large fish of all kinds, including other sharks, as well as on crustaceans and carrion.
There are just four species of cow shark, in three genera:[1]
Heptranchias Rafinesque , 1810
Heptranchias perlo (Bonnaterre , 1788) (Sharpnose sevengill shark)
Hexanchus Rafinesque , 1810
Hexanchus griseus (Bonnaterre , 1788) (Bluntnose sixgill shark)
Hexanchus nakamurai Teng , 1962 (Bigeyed sixgill shark)
Notorynchus Ayres , 1855
Notorynchus cepedianus (Péron , 1807) (Broadnose sevengill shark)
References
^ a b Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2011). "Hexanchidae" in FishBase . February 2011 version.
^ Allen, 45
^ Compagno, L., Dando, M. and Fowler, S. Sharks of the World Princeton Field Guides ISBN 0-691-12072-2
^ Matt's, J. & Last P.R. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes . San Diego: Academic Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-12-547665-5 .
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Centrophoridae (Gulper sharks)
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Heteroscymnoides
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Pocket shark (M. parini ) Isistius
Cookiecutter shark (I. brasiliensis )
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Aculeola
Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra ) Centroscyllium
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Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri ) Etmopterus (Lantern sharks)
New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri )
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E. burgessi
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Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis )
Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus )
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Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi )
Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer )
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Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi )
African lanternshark (E. polli )
Great lanternshark (E. princeps )
False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus )
Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus )
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West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi )
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Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax )
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Green lanternshark (E. virens ) Miroscyllium
Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi ) Trigonognathus
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Oxynotidae (Rough sharks)
Oxynotus
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Somniosidae (Sleeper sharks)
Centroscymnus
Portuguese dogfish (C. coelolepis )
Shortnose velvet dogfish (C. cryptacanthus )
Roughskin dogfish (C. owstoni ) Centroselachus
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Plunket shark (P. plunketi ) Scymnodalatias
Whitetail dogfish (S. albicauda )
Azores dogfish (S. garricki )
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Sherwood dogfish (S. sherwoodi ) Scymnodon
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Pacific sleeper shark (S. pacificus )
Little sleeper shark (S. rostratus ) Zameus
Japanese velvet dogfish (Z. ichiharai )
Velvet dogfish (Z. squamulosus )
Squalidae (Dogfish sharks)
Cirrhigaleus
Roughskin spurdog (C. asper )
Mandarin dogfish (C. barbifer ) Squalus (Spurdogs)
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Eastern highfin spurdog (S. albifrons )
S. acutirostris
Western highfin spurdog (S. altipinnis )
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Cuban dogfish (S. cubensis )
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Japanese spurdog (S. japonicus )
Shortnose spurdog (S. megalops )
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Squalus suckleyi
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Sawback angelshark (S. aculeata )
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Brownbanded bamboo shark (C. punctatum ) Hemiscyllium
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H. galei
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H. henryi
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Orectolobidae (Wobbegongs)
Eucrossorhinus
Tasselled wobbegong (E. dasypogon ) Orectolobus
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Stegostomatidae
Stegostoma
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Whiskery shark (F. macki ) Galeorhinus
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M. albipinnis
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M. minicanis
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M. ravidus
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M. widodoi Scylliogaleus
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Leopard shark (T. semifasciata )
Carcharhinidae
Large family listed below Scyliorhinidae
Large family listed below
Carcharhinus
Glyphis (River sharks)
Isogomphodon
Daggernose shark (I. oxyrhynchus ) Lamiopsis
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Sliteye shark (L. macrorhinus ) Nasolamia
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Apristurus
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A. fedorovi
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A. internatus
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Japanese catshark (A. japonicus )
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Iceland catshark (A. laurussonii )
Longhead catshark (A. longicephalus )
Flathead catshark (A. macrorhynchus )
Broadmouth cat shark (A. macrostomus )
Ghost catshark (A. manis )
Black roughscale catshark (A. melanoasper )
Smalleye catshark (A. microps )
Smalldorsal cat shark (A. micropterygeus )
Largenose catshark (A. nasutus )
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A. pinguis
Spatulasnout catshark (A. platyrhynchus )
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Pale catshark (A. sibogae )
South China catshark (A. sinensis )
Spongehead catshark (A. spongiceps )
Panama ghost catshark (A. stenseni ) Asymbolus
Australian spotted catshark (A. analis )
A. funebris
Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus )
Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus )
A. parvus
A. rubiginosus
Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus )
Gulf catshark (A. vincenti ) Aulohalaelurus
New Caledonia catshark (A. kanakorum )
Australian blackspotted catshark (A. labiosus ) Cephaloscyllium
Cephalurus
Lollipop catshark (C. cephalus ) Halaelurus
Arabian catshark (H. alcockii )
Speckled catshark (H. boesemani )
Blackspotted catshark (H. buergeri )
Dusky catshark (H. canescens )
Broadhead cat shark (H. clevai )
New Zealand catshark (H. dawsoni )
Bristly catshark (H. hispidus )
Spotless catshark (H. immaculatus )
Lined catshark (H. lineatus )
Mud catshark (H. lutarius )
Tiger catshark (H. natalensis )
Quagga catshark (H. quagga ) Haploblepharus
Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii )
Brown shyshark (H. fuscus )
Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi )
Dark shyshark (H. pictus ) Parmaturus
White-tip catshark (P. albimarginatus )
White-clasper catshark (P. albipenis )
Beige catshark (P. bigus )
Campeche catshark (P. campechiensis )
Velvet catshark (P. lanatus )
McMillan's catshark (P. macmillani )
Blackgill catshark (P. melanobranchus )
Salamander shark (P. pilosus )
Filetail catshark (P. xaniurus )
Shorttail catshark (Parmaturus sp. A ) Pentanchus
Onefin catshark (P. profundicolus ) Poroderma
Pyjama catshark (P. africanum )
Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum ) Schroederichthys
Narrowmouthed catshark (S. bivius )
Redspotted catshark (S. chilensis )
Narrowtail catshark (S. maculatus )
Lizard catshark (S. saurisqualus )
Slender catshark (S. tenuis )
Alopiidae
Cetorhinidae
Lamnidae
Megachasmidae
Mitsukurinidae
Odontaspididae
Carcharias
Odontaspis
Smalltooth sand tiger (O. ferox )
Bigeye sand tiger (O. noronhai )
Pseudocarchariidae
Pseudocarcharias
Crocodile shark (P. kamoharai )
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