Typical puffleg

Eriocnemis
File:Sapphire-Vented Puffleg (Eriocnemis luciani).jpg
Eriocnemis luciani
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Trochiliformes
Family:	Trochilidae
Genus:	Eriocnemis L. Reichenbach, 1849
Species
see text.

Eriocnemis is a genus of hummingbirds, which - together with the species in the genus Haplophaedia - are known as pufflegs. They occur in humid forest, woodland and shrub at altitudes of 1000 to 4800 m. asl in the Andes of Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, and Venezuela. The males have a colourful green, coppery or blue plumage, and the females are generally somewhat duller. The most striking feature of both sexes in the genus Eriocnemis are their dense snow-white leg-puffs which consist of feather tufts that resemble woolly panties. One species - the Black-thighed Puffleg - is characterized by black coloured leg-puffs. Most have a contrasting blue, purple or coppery-red vent, but this is green in the Black-thighed and Emerald-bellied Puffleg. Further common features of all species are the straight black bill and the slightly to deeply forked tail. The genus name was coined by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach who called them Snowy panties.

While most members of this genus remain fairly common, three species (Colourful Puffleg, Black-breasted Puffleg and Gorgeted Puffleg) are critically endangered and one (the Turquoise-throated Puffleg) is possibly extinct.

Species

• Emerald-bellied Puffleg, Eriocnemis alinae
• Colourful Puffleg, Eriocnemis "mirabilis"
• Coppery-bellied Puffleg, Eriocnemis cupreoventris
• Turquoise-throated Puffleg, Eriocnemis godini - possibly extinct (20th century?)
• Black-thighed Puffleg, Eriocnemis derbyi
• Sapphire-vented Puffleg, Eriocnemis luciani
• Marvelous Spatuletail, Eriocnemis mirabilis
• Blue-capped Puffleg, Eriocnemis glaucopoides
• Golden-breasted Puffleg, Eriocnemis mosquera
• Glowing Puffleg, Eriocnemis vestita
  • Coppery-naped Puffleg, Eriocnemis (luciani) sapphiropygia
• Gorgeted Puffleg, Eriocnemis isabellae
• Black-breasted Puffleg, Eriocnemis nigrivestis

In addition there were the controversial species: Eriocnemis söderströmi, E. isaacsoni and E. dyselius which were each only known by one specimen. In the case of E. söderströmi it could have been either the female of E. godini or a hybrid between E. luciani and E. nigrivestris. E. dyselius was nothing more than a melanistic individual of E. cupreoventris. Today these species are considered invalid.

The Marvellous Spatuletail, Eriocnemis mirabilis is now in this genus.

References

• Heynen, I. (1999). Genus Eriocnemis. pp. 639–641 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (1999). Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol. 5. Barn-owls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-25-3
• Systematics and biogeography of the Andean genus Eriocnemis (Aves: Trochilidae) (Abstract)

This article is part of Project Bird Genera, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each genus, including made-up genera.