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==Description== |
==Description== |
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The ioras are small to medium small sized passerines, ranging from {{convert|11.5|to(-)|15.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length. Overall the males are larger than the females.<ref name = "HBW">{{Citation | first = David | last = Wells | editor-first = Josep | editor-last = del Hoyo | editor2-first = Andrew | editor2-last = Elliott | editor3-first = David | editor3-last = Christie | contribution = Family Aegithinidae (Ioras) | title = [[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 10, Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes | year = 2005 | pages = 278–290| place = Barcelona | publisher = Lynx Edicions | isbn = 84-87334-72-5 }}</ref> These are reminiscent of the [[bulbul]]s, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, the ioras are more brightly coloured. The group exhibits [[sexual dimorphism]] in its plumage, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. Unlike the leafbirds, ioras have thin legs, and their bills are proportionately longer. Calls are strident whistles; songs are musical to human ears.<ref name=M&W>{{cite book | last = Mead | first = Christopher J. | coauthors = Wells, D. R. | year = 2003 | chapter = Ioras | editor = [[Chris Perrins|Perrins, Christopher]] | title = The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds | publisher = Firefly Books | page = 507 | isbn = 1-55297-777-3}}</ref> |
The ioras are small to medium small sized passerines, ranging from {{convert|11.5|to(-)|15.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} in length. Overall the males are larger than the females.<ref name = "HBW">{{Citation | first = David | last = Wells | editor-first = Josep | editor-last = del Hoyo | editor2-first = Andrew | editor2-last = Elliott | editor3-first = David | editor3-last = Christie | contribution = Family Aegithinidae (Ioras) | title = [[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]. Volume 10, Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes | year = 2005 | pages = 278–290| place = Barcelona | publisher = Lynx Edicions | isbn = 84-87334-72-5 }}</ref> These are reminiscent of the [[bulbul]]s, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, the ioras are more brightly coloured. The group exhibits [[sexual dimorphism]] in its plumage, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. Unlike the leafbirds, ioras have thin legs, and their bills are proportionately longer. Calls are strident whistles; songs are musical to human ears.<ref name=M&W>{{cite book | last = Mead | first = Christopher J. | coauthors = Wells, D. R. | year = 2003 | chapter = Ioras | editor = [[Chris Perrins|Perrins, Christopher]] | title = The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds | publisher = Firefly Books | page = 507 | isbn = 1-55297-777-3}}</ref> |
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==Habitat and movements== |
==Habitat and movements== |
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Their habitats include [[acacia]] scrub, forest edge, and closed forests, as well as agricultural land and (in the [[Common Iora]]) gardens.<ref name=M&W/> They are generally lowland birds, with most reaching only as high as the submontane forests. They are generally highly arboreal and usually occur in the tree canopy, with only very rare records of this family coming down to the ground. The family is overwhelmingly [[bird migration|non-migratory]], although in West India there is some evidence that [[White-tailed Iora]]s and [[Common Iora]]s are partly migratory in the seasonal semi-desert fringe.<ref name = "HBW"/> |
Their habitats include [[acacia]] scrub, forest edge, and closed forests, as well as agricultural land and (in the [[Common Iora]]) gardens.<ref name=M&W/> They are generally lowland birds, with most reaching only as high as the submontane forests. They are generally highly arboreal and usually occur in the tree canopy, with only very rare records of this family coming down to the ground. The family is overwhelmingly [[bird migration|non-migratory]], although in West India there is some evidence that [[White-tailed Iora]]s and [[Common Iora]]s are partly migratory in the seasonal semi-desert fringe.<ref name = "HBW"/> |
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Latest revision as of 20:27, 19 February 2013
| Ioras | |
|---|---|
| File:White-tailed Iora Arpit.jpg | |
| White-tailed Iora | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Suborder: | Passeri |
| Family: | Aegithinidae G. R. Gray, 1869 |
| Genus: | Aegithina Vieillot, 1816 |
| Species | |
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See text. | |
The ioras are a family, Aegithinidae, of small passerine bird species found in India and southeast Asia. The family has only four species in a single genus, Aegithina. They are one of only three bird families that are entirely endemic to the Indomalayan ecozone. They were formerly grouped with the other two of those families, the leafbirds and fairy-bluebirds, in the family Irenidae.
_in_Hyderabad_W_IMG_8862.jpg){kind=link}
Common Iora Aegithina tiphia calling in Hyderabad, India.
Description
The ioras are small to medium small sized passerines, ranging from 11.5 to 15.5 cm (4.5–6.1 in) in length. Overall the males are larger than the females.[1] These are reminiscent of the bulbuls, but whereas that group tends to be drab in colouration, the ioras are more brightly coloured. The group exhibits sexual dimorphism in its plumage, with the males being brightly plumaged in yellows and greens. Unlike the leafbirds, ioras have thin legs, and their bills are proportionately longer. Calls are strident whistles; songs are musical to human ears.[2]
Habitat and movements
Their habitats include acacia scrub, forest edge, and closed forests, as well as agricultural land and (in the Common Iora) gardens.[2] They are generally lowland birds, with most reaching only as high as the submontane forests. They are generally highly arboreal and usually occur in the tree canopy, with only very rare records of this family coming down to the ground. The family is overwhelmingly non-migratory, although in West India there is some evidence that White-tailed Ioras and Common Ioras are partly migratory in the seasonal semi-desert fringe.[1]
Behaviour
Ioras eat insects and spiders, which they find by nimbly gleaning the leaves of the slenderest outer twigs.[2]
In the two species whose male courtship displays are known, they are elaborate, culminating in the males' parachute-style descent looking like "green balls of fluff". The nests are compact open cups felted to branches with spiderweb. Females lay 2 or 3 eggs, which have pinkish speckles and red and purple lines. They incubate at night; the males, by day. Incubation lasts about 14 days.[2] Both parents are responsible for brooding and feeding the chicks.[1]
Relationship with humans
Ioras will commonly live close to humans and even lives in the suburbs of cites like Singapore. They are mostly not threatened by human activities, although the Green Iora is listed as near threatened by the IUCN, habitat loss is responsible for its decline. Unlike many other passerines they are not common species in the cage bird trade.
Species of Aegithinidae
- Common Iora, Aegithina tiphia
- White-tailed Iora, Aegithina nigrolutea
- Green Iora, Aegithina viridissima
- Great Iora, Aegithina lafresnayei
References
- ^ a b c Wells, David (2005), "Family Aegithinidae (Ioras)", in del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Christie, David, Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 10, Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 278–290, ISBN 84-87334-72-5
- ^ a b c d Mead, Christopher J.; Wells, D. R. (2003). "Ioras". In Perrins, Christopher. The Firefly Encyclopedia of Birds. Firefly Books. p. 507. ISBN 1-55297-777-3. Cite uses deprecated parameter
|coauthors=(help)
External links
- Iora videos, photos & sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aegithina |
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This article is part of Project Bird Genera, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each genus, including made-up genera. |
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This article is part of Project Bird Families, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird family, including made-up families. |
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This article is part of Project Bird Taxonomy, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on every order, family and other taxonomic rank related to birds. |
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