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The antbirds are a large family, Thamnophilidae, of smallish passerine bird species of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. The family has more than 200 species and includes the antshrikes, antwrens, antvireos, fire-eyes, bare-eyes and bushbirds. They are closely related to the antthrushes and antpittas in the family Formicariidae, the tapaculos, and especially the gnateaters.[1][2]
Species
Subfamily Terenurinae
- Genus Terenura
- Orange-bellied Antwren, Terenura sicki
- Streak-capped Antwren, Terenura maculata
- Rufous-rumped Antwren, Terenura callinota
- Chestnut-shouldered Antwren, Terenura humeralis
- Yellow-rumped Antwren, Terenura sharpei
- Ash-winged Antwren, Terenura spodioptila
Subfamily Myrmornithinae
- Genus Myrmornis
- Wing-banded Antbird, Myrmornis torquata
- Genus Thamnistes
- Russet Antshrike, Thamnistes anabatinus
- Genus Pygiptila
- Spot-winged Antshrike, Pygiptila stellaris
Subfamily Thamnophilinae: antshrikes and relatives
Tribe Microrhopini
- Genus Myrmorchilus
- Stripe-backed Antbird, Myrmorchilus strigilatus
- Genus Myrmophylax
- Gray-bellied Antbird, Myrmophylax pelzelni
- Black-throated Antbird, Myrmophylax atrothorax
- Genus Microrhopias
- Dot-winged Antwren, Microrhopias quixensis
- Genus Neoctantes
- Black Bushbird, Neoctantes niger
- Genus Clytoctantes - typical bushbirds (2 species)[3]
- Recurve-billed Bushbird, Clytoctantes alixii
- Rondônia Bushbird, Clytoctantes atrogularis
- Genus Epinecrophylla (previously included in Myrmotherula, as the Stipple-throated group)
- Checker-throated Antwren, Epinecrophylla fulviventris
- Brown-bellied Antwren, Epinecrophylla gutturalis
- White-eyed Antwren, Epinecrophylla leucophthalma
- Stipple-throated Antwren, Epinecrophylla haematonota
- Brown-backed Antwren, Epinecrophylla fjeldsaai
- Foothill Antwren, Epinecrophylla spodionota
- Ornate Antwren, Epinecrophylla ornata
- Rufous-tailed Antwren, Epinecrophylla erythrura
Tribe Formicivorini
- Genus Stymphalornis[3]
- Parana Antwren, Stymphalornis acutirostris
- Genus Formicivora
- Narrow-billed Antwren, Formicivora iheringi
- Black-hooded Antwren, Formicivora erythronotos
- White-fringed Antwren, Formicivora grisea
- Serra Antwren, Formicivora serrana
- Black-bellied Antwren, Formicivora melanogaster
- Rusty-backed Antwren, Formicivora rufa
- Sincora Antwren, Formicivora grantsaui
- Genus Myrmochanes
- Black-and-white Antbird, Myrmochanes hemileucus
- Genus Myrmotherula (possibly paraphyletic)
- Pygmy Antwren, Myrmotherula brachyura
- Moustached Antwren, Myrmotherula ignota
- Short-billed Antwren, Myrmotherula (ignota) obscura
- Yellow-throated Antwren, Myrmotherula ambigua
- Sclater's Antwren, Myrmotherula sclateri
- Guianan Streaked-Antwren, Myrmotherula surinamensis
- Amazonian Streaked-Antwren, Myrmotherula multostriata
- Pacific Antwren, Myrmotherula pacifica
- Cherrie's Antwren, Myrmotherula cherriei
- Klages's Antwren, Myrmotherula klagesi
- Stripe-chested Antwren, Myrmotherula longicauda
- Plain-throated Antwren, Myrmotherula hauxwelli
- Rufous-bellied Antwren, Myrmotherula guttata
- Star-throated Antwren, Myrmotherula gularis
- White-flanked Antwren, Myrmotherula axillaris
- Slaty Antwren, Myrmotherula schisticolor
- Rio Suno Antwren, Myrmotherula sunensis
- Salvadori's Antwren, Myrmotherula minor
- Long-winged Antwren, Myrmotherula longipennis
- Band-tailed Antwren, Myrmotherula urosticta
- Ihering's Antwren, Myrmotherula iheringi
- Rio de Janeiro Antwren, Myrmotherula fluminensis
- Ashy Antwren, Myrmotherula grisea
- Unicoloured Antwren, Myrmotherula unicolor
- Alagoas Antwren, Myrmotherula snowi
- Plain-winged Antwren, Myrmotherula behni
- Gray Antwren, Myrmotherula menetriesii
- Leaden Antwren, Myrmotherula assimilis
Tribe Thamnophilini
- Genus Thamnomanes
- Dusky-throated Antshrike, Thamnomanes ardesiacus
- Saturnine Antshrike, Thamnomanes saturninus
- Cinereous Antshrike, Thamnomanes caesius
- Bluish-slate Antshrike, Thamnomanes schistogynus
- Genus Xenornis[3]
- Spiny-faced Antshrike, Xenornis setifrons
- Genus Dichrozona
- Banded Antbird or Banded Antwren, Dichrozona cincta
- Genus Megastictus
- Pearly Antshrike, Megastictus margaritatus
- Genus Dysithamnus - antvireos (8 species)
- Spot-breasted Antvireo, Dysithamnus stictothorax
- Plain Antvireo, Dysithamnus mentalis
- Streak-crowned Antvireo, Dysithamnus striaticeps
- Spot-crowned Antvireo, Dysithamnus puncticeps
- Rufous-backed Antvireo, Dysithamnus xanthopterus
- Bicolored Antvireo, Dysithamnus occidentalis
- White-streaked Antvireo, Dysithamnus leucostictus
- Plumbeous Antvireo, Dysithamnus plumbeus
- Genus Herpsilochmus - wren-like antshrikes (15 species)
- Caatinga Antwren, Herpsilochmus sellowi
- Bahia Antwren, Herpsilochmus pileatus
- Black-capped Antwren, Herpsilochmus atricapillus
- Creamy-bellied Antwren, Herpsilochmus motacilloides
- Ash-throated Antwren, Herpsilochmus parkeri
- Spot-tailed Antwren, Herpsilochmus sticturus
- Dugand's Antwren, Herpsilochmus dugandi
- Todd's Antwren, Herpsilochmus stictocephalus
- Ancient Antwren, Herpsilochmus gentryi
- Spot-backed Antwren, Herpsilochmus dorsimaculatus
- Roraiman Antwren, Herpsilochmus roraimae
- Pectoral Antwren, Herpsilochmus pectoralis
- Large-billed Antwren, Herpsilochmus longirostris
- Yellow-breasted Antwren, Herpsilochmus axillaris
- Rufous-winged Antwren, Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
- Genus Taraba
- Great Antshrike, Taraba major
- Genus Cymbilaimus[3]
- Fasciated Antshrike, Cymbilaimus lineatus
- Bamboo Antshrike, Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae
- Genus Hypoedaleus
- Spot-backed Antshrike, Hypoedaleus guttatus
- Genus Batara
- Giant Antshrike, Batara cinerea
- Genus Mackenziaena
- Large-tailed Antshrike, Mackenziaena leachii
- Tufted Antshrike, Mackenziaena severa
- Genus Frederickena
- Black-throated Antshrike, Frederickena viridis
- Undulated Antshrike, Frederickena unduligera
- Fulvous Antshrike, Frederickena fulva
- Genus Sakesphorus
- Black-crested Antshrike, Sakesphorus canadensis
- Silvery-cheeked Antshrike, Sakesphorus cristatus
- Glossy Antshrike, Sakesphorus luctuosus
- Genus Biatas
- White-bearded Antshrike, Biatas nigropectus
- Genus Thamnophilus (possibly polyphyletic)
- Barred Antshrike, Thamnophilus doliatus
- Caatinga Barred Antshrike, Thamnophilus (doliatus) capistratus
- Rufous-capped Antshrike, Thamnophilus ruficapillus
- Rufous-winged Antshrike, Thamnophilus torquatus
- Chapman's Antshrike, Thamnophilus zarumae
- Bar-crested Antshrike, Thamnophilus multistriatus
- Lined Antshrike, Thamnophilus tenuepunctatus
- Chestnut-backed Antshrike, Thamnophilus palliatus
- Collared Antshrike, Thamnophilus bernardi
- Western Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus atrinucha
- Black-hooded Antshrike, Thamnophilus bridgesi
- Plain-winged Antshrike, Thamnophilus schistaceus
- Mouse-colored Antshrike, Thamnophilus murinus
File:CHOCA-DA-MATA macho ( Thamnophilus caerulescens).jpg - Black Antshrike, Thamnophilus nigriceps
- Cocha Antshrike, Thamnophilus praecox
- Castelnau's Antshrike, Thamnophilus cryptoleucus
- Blackish-gray Antshrike, Thamnophilus nigrocinereus
- Northern Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus punctatus
- Guianan Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus (p.) punctatus
- Marañón (or Peruvian) Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus (punctatus) leucogaster
- Natterer's Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus stictocephalus
- Bolivian Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus sticturus
- Planalto Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus pelzelni
- Sooretama Slaty Antshrike, Thamnophilus ambiguus
- Variable Antshrike, Thamnophilus caerulescens
- Uniform Antshrike, Thamnophilus unicolor
- White-shouldered Antshrike, Thamnophilus aethiops
- Upland Antshrike, Thamnophilus aroyae
- Black-backed Antshrike, Thamnophilus melanonotus
- Band-tailed Antshrike, Thamnophilus melanothorax
- Amazonian Antshrike, Thamnophilus amazonicus
- Streak-backed Antshrike, Thamnophilus insignis
- Acre Antshrike, Thamnophilus divisorus
- Barred Antshrike, Thamnophilus doliatus
Tribe Pyriglenini
- Genus Sclateria
- Silvered Antbird, Sclateria naevia
- Genus Myrmeciza (paraphyletic)
- Yapacana Antbird, Myrmeciza1 disjuncta
- Plumbeous Antbird, Myrmeciza2 hyperythra
- White-bellied Antbird, Myrmeciza longipes (type species)
- Chestnut-backed Antbird, Myrmeciza exsul
- Dull-mantled Antbird, Myrmeciza laemosticta
- Magdalena Antbird, Myrmeciza palliata
- Esmeraldas Antbird, Myrmeciza nigricauda
- Stub-tailed Antbird, Myrmeciza berlepschi
- Grey-headed Antbird, Myrmeciza griseiceps
- White-shouldered Antbird, Myrmeciza3 melanoceps
- Goeldi's Antbird, Myrmeciza3 goeldii
- Sooty Antbird, Myrmeciza3 fortis
- Immaculate Antbird, Myrmeciza3 immaculata
- Genus Schistocichla (sometimes placed in Percnostola; 3-7 species)
- Slate-colored Antbird, Schistocichla schistacea
- Spot-winged Antbird, Schistocichla leucostigma
- Humaita Antbird, Schistocichla humaythae
- Brownish-headed Antbird, Schistocichla brunneiceps
- Rufous-faced Antbird, Schistocichla rufifacies
- Roraiman Antbird, Schistocichla saturata
- Caura Antbird, Schistocichla caurensis
- Genus Myrmoderus
- Ferruginous-backed Antbird, Myrmoderus ferruginea
- Scalloped Antbird, Myrmoderus ruficauda
- White-bibbed Antbird, Myrmoderus loricata
- Squamate Antbird, Myrmoderus squamosa
- Genus Hypocnemoides (2 species)
- Black-chinned Antbird, Hypocnemoides melanopogon
- Band-tailed Antbird, Hypocnemoides maculicauda
- Genus Hylophylax (3 species)
- Spotted Antbird, Hylophylax naevioides
- Spot-backed Antbird, Hylophylax naevius
- Dot-backed Antbird, Hylophylax punctulatus
- Genus Gymnocichla
- Bare-crowned Antbird, Gymnocichla nudiceps
- Genus Percnostola[3]
- Black-headed Antbird, Percnostola rufifrons
- Allpahuayo Antbird, Percnostola arenarum
- White-lined Antbird, "Percnostola" lophotes
- Genus Rhopornis[3]
- Slender Antbird, Rhopornis ardesiaca
- Genus Pyriglena
- White-backed Fire-eye, Pyriglena leuconota
- White-shouldered Fire-eye, Pyriglena leucoptera
- Fringe-backed Fire-eye, Pyriglena atra
- Genus Myrmoborus
- White-browed Antbird, Myrmoborus leucophrys
- Ash-breasted Antbird, Myrmoborus lugubris
- Black-faced Antbird, Myrmoborus myotherinus
- Black-tailed Antbird, Myrmoborus melanurus
Tribe: Pithyini: Ant-followers
- Genus Willisornis[4][5]
- Scale-backed Antbird, Willisornis poecilinotus
- Xingu Antbird, Willisornis vidua
- Genus Phaenostictus
- Ocellated Antbird, Phaenostictus mcleannani
- Genus Pithys
- White-plumed Antbird, Pithys albifrons
- White-masked Antbird, Pithys castanea
- Genus Phlegopsis
- Black-spotted Bare-eye, Phlegopsis nigromaculata
- Pale-faced Antbird, Phlegopsis borbae
- Reddish-winged Bare-eye, Phlegopsis erythroptera
- Genus Gymnopithys
- Bicolored Antbird, Gymnopithys leucaspis
- Rufous-throated Antbird, Gymnopithys rufigula
- White-throated Antbird, Gymnopithys salvini
- Lunulated Antbird, Gymnopithys lunulatus
- Genus Rhegmatorhina
- Bare-eyed Antbird, Rhegmatorhina gymnops
- Harlequin Antbird, Rhegmatorhina berlepschi
- White-breasted Antbird, Rhegmatorhina hoffmannsi
- Chestnut-crested Antbird, Rhegmatorhina cristata
- Hairy-crested Antbird, Rhegmatorhina melanosticta
Tribe: Drymophilini
- Genus incertae sedis
- Southern Chestnut-tailed Antbird, Myrmeciza4 hemimelaena
- Northern Chestnut-tailed Antbird, Myrmeciza4 castanea
- Genus Cercomacra (12 species)
- Grey Antbird, Cercomacra cinerascens
- Rio de Janeiro Antbird, Cercomacra brasiliana
- Dusky Antbird, Cercomacra tyrannina
- Willis's Antbird, Cercomacra laeta
- Parker's Antbird, Cercomacra parkeri
- Blackish Antbird, Cercomacra nigrescens
- Black Antbird, Cercomacra serva
- Jet Antbird, Cercomacra nigricans
- Rio Branco Antbird, Cercomacra carbonaria
- Mato Grosso Antbird, Cercomacra melanaria
- Manu Antbird, Cercomacra manu
- Bananal Antbird, Cercomacra ferdinandi
- Genus Hypocnemis - warbling-antbirds (2-7 species)
- Guianan Warbling Antbird, Hypocnemis cantator
- Imeri Warbling Antbird, Hypocnemis flavescens
- Peruvian Warbling Antbird, Hypocnemis peruviana
- Yellow-breasted Warbling Antbird, Hypocnemis subflava
- Rondonia Warbling Antbird, Hypocnemis ochrogyna
- Spix's Warbling Antbird, Hypocnemis striata
- Yellow-browed Antbird, Hypocnemis hypoxantha
- Genus Drymophila (8 species)
- Ferruginous Antbird, Drymophila ferruginea
- Bertoni's Antbird, Drymophila rubricollis
- Rufous-tailed Antbird, Drymophila genei
- Ochre-rumped Antbird, Drymophila ochropyga
- Dusky-tailed Antbird, Drymophila malura
- Scaled Antbird, Drymophila squamata
- Striated Antbird, Drymophila devillei
- Long-tailed Antbird, Drymophila caudata
References
- Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Nylander, Johan A. A. & Ericson, Per G. P. (2004): Phylogenetic relationships of typical antbirds (Thamnophilidae) and test of incongruence based on Bayes factors. BMC Evol. Biol. 4: 23. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-4-23 Supplementary information
- Isler, M., P. Isler, B. Whitney, and K. Zimmer (2007). Species limits in the "Schistocichla" complex of Percnostola Antbirds (Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae). Wilson Bull. 119(1): 53-70.
- Isler, M., P. Isler, and B. Whitney (2007). Species limits in Antbirds (Thamnophilidae): The Warbling Antbird (Hypocnemis cantator) complex. Auk 124(1): 11-28.
- Isler, M., D. Lacerda, P. Isler, S. Hackett, K. Rosenberg, and R. Brumfield (2006). Epinecrophylla, a new genus of antwrens (Aves: Passeriformes: Thamnophilidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 119(4): 522-527
Footnotes
- ^ Irestedt, Martin; Fjeldså, Jon; Johansson, Ulf S. & Ericson, Per G.P. (2002): Systematic relationships and biogeography of the tracheophone suboscines (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 23(3): 499–512. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00034-9 (HTML abstract)
- ^ Rice, Nathan H. (2005): Further Evidence for Paraphyly of the Formicariidae (Passeriformes). Condor 107(4): 910-915. doi:10.1650/7696.1 PDF fulltext
- ^ a b c d e f Placement here needs confirmation.
- ^ South American Classification Committee (2007) Revive the genus Dichropogon - Accessed 8 April 2008.
- ^ Reassign Dichropogon to Willisornis - South American Classification Committee (2008)
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