The following is a list of species of crows, ravens, magpie, treepies and nutcrackers within the family Corvidae. The list follows Taxonomy in Flux,[1] the genera are arranged based on Ericson et al. (2005), Jønsson et al. (2016), and, for the New World jays, Bonaccorso and Peterson (2007); subfamilies are based on Jønsson et al., and estimates these clades are all 17-20 million years old.
Crested Jay is now considered a shrike.
Corvidae[]
Pyrrhocoracinae: Choughs G.R. Gray, 1846 (1831)[]
Genus Pyrrhocorax[]
- Alpine Chough, Pyrrhocorax graculus
- Red-billed Chough, Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax
Crypsirininae: TreepiesSwainson, 1831[]
Genus Temnurus[]
- Ratchet-tailed Treepie, Temnurus temnurus
Genus Crypsirina[]
- Hooded Treepie, Crypsirina cucullata
- Black Racket-tailed Treepie, Crypsirina temia
Genus Platysmurus[]
- Black Magpie, Platysmurus leucopterus
Genus Dendrocitta[]
- Rufous Treepie, Dendrocitta vagabunda
- Sumatran Treepie, Dendrocitta occipitalis
- Bornean Treepie, Dendrocitta cinerascens
- Grey Treepie, Dendrocitta formosae
- White-bellied Treepie, Dendrocitta leucogastra
- Collared Treepie, Dendrocitta frontalis
- Andaman Treepie, Dendrocitta bayleyi
Cissinae: Oriental magpies Kaup, 1855[]
Genus Cissa[]
- Common Green-Magpie, Cissa chinensis
- Indochinese Green-Magpie, Cissa hypoleuca
- Bornean Green-Magpie, Cissa jefferyi
- Javan Green-Magpie, Cissa thalassina
Genus Urocissa[]
- Sri Lanka Blue-Magpie, Urocissa ornata
- Taiwan Blue-Magpie, Urocissa caerulea
- Red-billed Blue-Magpie, Urocissa erythrorhyncha
- Yellow-billed Blue-Magpie, Urocissa flavirostris
- White-winged Magpie, Urocissa whiteheadi
Perisoreinae Northern jays Informal?[]
Genus Cyanopica[]
- Azure-winged Magpie, Cyanopica cyana
- Iberian Magpie, Cyanopica cooki
Genus Perisoreus[]
- Siberian Jay, Perisoreus infaustus
- Sichuan Jay, Perisoreus internigrans
- Grey Jay, Perisoreus canadensis
Cyanocoracinae: American jays Kaup, 1855[]
Genus Cyanolyca[]
- White-throated Jay, Cyanolyca mirabilis
- Dwarf Jay, Cyanolyca nana
- Black-throated Jay, Cyanolyca pumilo
- Silvery-throated Jay, Cyanolyca argentigula
- Azure-hooded Jay, Cyanolyca cucullata
- Beautiful Jay, Cyanolyca pulchra
- Black-collared Jay, Cyanolyca armillata
- Turquoise Jay, Cyanolyca turcosa
- White-collared Jay, Cyanolyca viridicyana
Genus Gymnorhinus[]
- Pinyon Jay, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus
Genus Cyanocitta[]
- Steller's Jay, Cyanocitta stelleri
- Blue Jay, Cyanocitta cristata
Genus Aphelocoma[]
- Unicoloured Jay, Aphelocoma unicolor
- Transvolcanic Jay, Aphelocoma ultramarina
- Mexican Jay, Aphelocoma wollweberi
- Florida Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma coerulescens
- Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma woodhouseii
- California Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma californica
- Island Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma insularis
Genus Calocitta[]
- Black-throated Magpie-Jay, Calocitta colliei
- White-throated Magpie-Jay, Calocitta formosa
Genus Psilorhinus[]
- Brown Jay, Psilorhinus morio
- Azure Jay, Psilorhinus caeruleus
- Violaceous Jay, Psilorhinus violaceus
- Purplish Jay, Psilorhinus cyanomelas
- Curl-crested Jay, Psilorhinus cristatellus
Genus Cyanocorax[]
- Green Jay, Cyanocorax luxuosos
- Inca Jay, Cyanocorax ynca
- White-tailed Jay, Cyanocorax mystacalis
- Bushy-crested Jay, Cyanocorax melanocyaneus
- Yucatan Jay, Cyanocorax yucatanicus
- San Blas Jay, Cyanocorax sanblasianus
- Purplish-backed Jay, Cyanocorax beecheii
- Tufted Jay, Cyanocorax dickeyi
- Black-chested Jay, Cyanocorax affinis
- Azure-naped Jay, Cyanocorax heilprini
- Cayenne Jay, Cyanocorax cayanus
- Plush-crested Jay, Cyanocorax chrysops
- White-naped Jay, Cyanocorax cyanopogon
Corvinae: Palearctic jays and Corvus Leach, 1820[]
Genus Zavattariornis[]
- Stresemann's Bush Crow, Zavattariornis stresemanni
Genus Ptilostomus[]
- Piapiac, Ptilostomus afer
Genus Podoces[]
- Henderson's Ground Jay, Podoces hendersoni
- Biddulph's Ground Jay, Podoces biddulphi
- Grey Ground Jay, Podoces panderi
- Persian Ground Jay, Podoces pleskei
Genus Garrulus[]
- Eurasian Jay, Garrulus glandarius
- Lanceolated Jay, Garrulus lanceolatus
- Lidth's Jay, Garrulus lidthi
Genus Pica[]
- Maghreb Magpie, Pica mauritanica
- Asir Magpie, Pica asirensis
- Himalayan Magpie, Pica bottanensis
- Oriental Magpie, Pica sericea
- Eurasian Magpie, Pica pica
- Black-billed Magpie, Pica hudsonia
- Yellow-billed Magpie, Pica nuttalli
Genus Nucifraga[]
- Clark's Nutcracker, Nucifraga columbiana
- Spotted Nutcracker, Nucifraga caryocatactes
- Large-spotted Nutcracker, Nucifraga multipunctata
Genus Coloeus and Corvus[]
Clade I[]
Kryukov and Suzuki (2000) and Haring et al. (2007a) found that the jackdaws were rather distant from the other Corvus species.[2][3] They are split from Corvus into Coloeus, as recommended by Rasmussen and Anderton (2005).[4]
- Eurasian Jackdaw / Western Jackdaw, Coloeus monedula
- Daurian Jackdaw, Coloeus dauuricus
Clade II[]
- Cuban Crow, Corvus nasicus
- White-necked Crow, Corvus leucognaphalus
- Jamaican Crow, Corvus jamaicensis
Clade III[]
The Cuban and Hispaniolan races of the Palm Crow have been split for about 1 million years, IOC considers them separate species, while the AOU considers them subspecies.[1]
- Palm Crow, Corvus palmarum
- Fish Crow, Corvus ossifragus
- Sinaloa Crow, Corvus sinaloae
- Tamaulipas Crow, Corvus imparatus
- Cape Crow, Corvus capensis (in between)
Clade IV[]
The eastern and western Rooks could be considered separate species, Haring, et al. found this, but more sampling is needed, and whether there is a third rook species.[1]
- Rook, Corvus frugilegus
- Hawaiian Crow, Corvus hawaiiensis
Clade V[]
The Chihuahuan Raven and possibly the Pied Crow, are imbedded in the Common Raven complex. The Chihuahuan Raven seems more closely related to the Common Ravens of California than either is to the other Common Ravens (Feldman and Omland, 2004; Omland, 2000, 2006).[5][6][7]
- Thick-billed Raven, Corvus crassirostris
- White-necked Raven, Corvus albicollis
- Common Raven / Northern Raven, Corvus corax
- Chihuahuan Raven, Corvus cryptoleucus
- Fan-tailed Raven, Corvus rhipidurus
- Brown-necked Raven, Corvus ruficollis
- Pied Crow, Corvus albus
- Somali Crow, Corvus edithae
Clade VI[]
The Carrion and Hooded Crows are closely related and it is unclear as if they represent separate species. Haring et al. (2012) found that some of the eastern individuals were grouped with the Collared Crow, C. torquatus (sometimes called pectoralis).[8]
- American Crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos
- Northwestern Crow, Corvus caurinus
- Collared Crow, Corvus torquatus
- Carrion Crow, Corvus corone
- Hooded Crow, Corvus cornix
Clade VII[]
- Flores Crow, Corvus florensis (in between)
The Large-billed Crow complex is long been controversial, see Dickinson, et al. (2004).[9]
- House Crow, Corvus splendens
- Mariana Crow, Corvus kubaryi
- Large-billed Crow, Corvus macrorhynchos
- Indian Jungle-Crow, Corvus culminatus
- Eastern Jungle-Crow, Corvus levaillantii
Clade VIII[]
- Slender-billed Crow, Corvus enca
- Piping Crow, Corvus typicus
- Banggai Crow, Corvus unicolor
- Long-billed Crow, Corvus validus
- New Caledonian Crow, Corvus moneduloides
- Bougainville Crow, Corvus meeki
- White-billed Crow, Corvus woodfordi
- Violet Crow, Corvus violaceus
- Brown-headed Crow, Corvus fuscicapillus
- Grey Crow, Corvus tristis
- Little Crow, Corvus bennetti
- Bismarck Crow, Corvus insularis
- Torresian Crow, Corvus orru
- Australian Raven, Corvus coronoides
- Little Raven, Corvus mellori
- Forest Raven, Corvus tasmanicus
References[]
- ^ a b c Boyd, John (February 26, 2015). "Corvidae" (v. 3.00 ed.). Retrieved March 16, 2015.
- ^ Kryukov, A.P., and H. Suzuki (2000), Phylogeography of carrion, hooded and jungle crows (Aves, Corvidae) inferred from partial sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene, Russian J. Genet. 36, 922-929.
- ^ Haring, E., A. Gamauf, and A. Kryukov (2007a), Phylogeographic patterns in widespread corvid birds, Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 45, 840-862.
- ^ Rasmussen, P.C., and J.C. Anderton (2005), “Birds of South Asia: The Ripley Guide.”, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC.
- ^ Feldman, C.R., and K.E. Omland (2004), Phylogenetics of the common raven complex (Corvus corvidae) and the utility of ND4, COI and intron 7 of the β-fibrinogen gene in avian molecular systematics, Zool. Scripta 34, 145-156.
- ^ Omland, K.E., C.L. Tarr, W.I. Boarman, J.M. Marzlu, and R.C. Fleischer (2000), Cryptic genetic variation and paraphyly in ravens, Proc. Royal Soc. B 267, 2475-2482.
- ^ Omland, K.E., J.M. Baker, and J.L. Peters (2006), Genetic signatures of intermediate divergence: population history of Old and New World Holarctic ravens (Corvus corax), Mol. Ecol. 15, 795-808.
- ^ Haring, E., B. Däubl, W. Pinsker, A. Kryukov, and A. Gamauf (2012), Genetic divergences and intraspecific variation in corvids of the genus Corvus (Aves: Passeriformes: Corvidae) — a first survey based on museum specimens, J. Zool. Syst. Evol. Res. 50, 230-246.
- ^ Dickinson, E., S. Eck, and J. Martens (2004), Systematic notes on Asian birds. 44. A preliminary review of the Corvidae, Zool. Verh. Leiden 350, 85-109.