Nine-primaried oscine

Nine-primaried oscines
	Black-headed Bunting
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Clade:	Inopinaves
Order:	Passeriformes
Suborder:	Passeri
Clade:	Passerid clade;
Clade:	Nine-primaried oscines; Informal?
Groups
	Nine-primaried oscines: Motacillidae ; Fringillidae ; Icteroidae Calcariidae ; Rhodinocichlidae ; Bunting and sparrow group ; Blackbird and warbler group ; Thraupid group ; ;
Synonyms
	Emberizidae (sensu lato); Fringillidae (sensu lato)

Nine-primaried oscines (Latin oscen, from a singing bird^[2] ) are a group of passerines in the Passeroidea superfamily. They are named because they appear to have nine primaries, however; they actually have ten, but it is hidden under the ninth primary covert.^[3]

Nine-primaried oscines are cosmopolitan.

A painting with many NPOs, and a . — A painting with many NPOs, and a Red-headed Woodpecker.

It contains the following families:

Motacillidae (7 genera, 66 species)^[1]
Fringillidae (54 genera, 218 species)^[1]
Calcariidae (2 genera, 6 species)^[4]
Rhodinocichlidae (1 genus, 1 species)^[4]
Emberizidae (1 genus, 43 species)^[4]
Passerellidae (28 genera, 138 species)^[4]
Phaenicophilidae (6 genera, 11 species)^[5]
Incertae sedis: Zeledonia and Teretistris (2 genera, 3 species)^[5]
Icteridae (31 genera, 113 species)^[5]
Parulidae (29 genera, 132 species)^[5]
Mitrospingidae (3 genera, 4 species)^[6]
Cardinalidae (12 genera, 54 species)^[6]
Thraupidae (97 genera, 380 species)^[6]

Total: 272 genera, 1049 species.

References[]

^ ^a ^b ^c John H. Boyd III (November 11, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA II: Passeridae through Fringillidae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ Terres, John K. (1980). The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 0394466519.
^ Hall, K.S.S. (2005), Do nine-primaried passerines have nine or ten primary feathers? The evolution of a concept, J. Ornithol. 146, 121-126.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d John H. Boyd III (September 14, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA III: Calcariidae, Lamprospizidae, Parulidae, Icteridae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d John H. Boyd III (September 12, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA IV: Emberizidae and Passerellidae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)
^ ^a ^b ^c John H. Boyd III (November 17, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA V: Cardinalidae and Thraupidae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

This article is part of Project Glossary, an All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each term related to animals.

Project Glossary

Glossary	v • t • e

A

Abdomen • Aberrant • Abmigration • Abrasion • Absolute magnitude • Absorption line • Abyssal • Abyssal plain • Abyssal zone • Accelerating universe • Accidental • Accretion • Acquisition • Active galaxy • Active prominence • Adaptive radiation • Addition • Adult • Adult plumage • Aerie • African parrot • Air mass • Air sac • Airfoil • Alarm call • Albedo • Albino • Allopatric • Allopreening • Altazimuth mounting • Altitude • Altricial • Alula • Americas • Anadromous • Anaerobic • Anatomy • Annual parallax • Annual proper motion • Annualar eclipse • Anoxic • Antarctic Circle • Ant-follower • Anterior • Anticyclone • Anting • Antimatter • Antiparticle • Antiphonal song • Aperture • Apogee • Apparent magnitude • Arachnoid • Arboreal • Arctic Circle • Argon • Arm • Asexual reproduction • Asterism • Asteroid • Astronomical unit • Asynchronous hatching • Atmosphere • Atoll • Atom • Auricular • Auricular patch • Aurora • Autapomorphy • Authigenic • Autotroph • Autumnal equinox • Avian influenza • Axillaries • Azimuth

B

Back • Background radiation • Backshore • Backwash • Baleen • Band • Bank • Bar • Barbel • Barbule • Barnard • Barrage • Barred • Barred spiral galaxy • Barrier island • Barrier reef • Baryon • Basal (phylogenetics) • Basic I • Basin • Bathyal • Beach face • Belly • Beryllium • Benthos • Berm • Bib • Big Bang • Big Crunch • Big Rip • Binary star • Binomial nomenclature • Biodiversity • Biogenic • Bioluminescence • Biomass • Biome • Bioturbation • Bipedalism • Bird anatomy • Bird diets • Bird egg • Bird flight • Bird hybrid • Bird intelligence • Bird migration • Bird nest • Bird of prey • Bird reproduction • Bird senses • Bird song • Black body • Black dwarf star • Black hole • Black smoker • Blazar • BL lacterae object • Bloom • Blue shift • Body fossil • Bok globule • Booted • Bore • Brackish • Breaker zone • Breakwater • Breast • Breastband • Breeding plumage • Brood parasite • Brown dwarf star • Bustle • Buzzard • Bycatch

C

Calcareous • Calcium carbonate • Calendar year • Caldera • Callosity • Calve • Carapace • Carbon cycle • Carnivore • Carpal • Carpal bar • Casque • Casual • Catadromous • Cere • Cheek • Chemosynthesis • Chevron • Chin • Chlorophyll • Chromatophore • Cilia • Clade • Class • Cline • Cloaca • Coast • Cob • Cold seep • Collar • Colonial • Colour morph • Commensalism • Commic terns • Commissure • Common name • Concordant coast • Congeneric • Conservation status • Conspecific • Continental crust • Continental margin • Continental rise • Continental shelf • Continental slope • Convection • Convergent evolution • Coral bleaching • Coral reef • Coralline • Coriolis effect • Coverts • Crepuscular • Crest • Cretaceous • Crissum • Critically Endangered • Crown • Crown patch • Cryptic • Culmen • Current • Cusp • Cyclone

D

Dactyly • Dark zone • Dawn chorus • Deforestation • Delta • Demersal • Deposit feeding • Depositional coast • Detritus • Deuterium • Dewlap • Diagnostic • Digital object identifier • Dihedral • Discordant coast • DNA • DNA sequence • Doldrums • Dorsal • Drift • Drowned coast • Dune

E

Ear tuft • Earth • Echolocation • Echo-sounding • Eclipse plumage • Eddy • Egg • Egg tooth • Ekman effect • El Nino • Emargination • Emergent coast • Endangered • Endangered species • Endemic • Endemism • ENSO • Eocene • Equator • Erosional coast • Estuary • Eustatic • Eutrophication • Evolution of birds • Extant • Extinct • Extinct in the wild • Extinction • Exoskeleton • Eye • Eye line • Eye ring • Eye stripe • Eye wattle • Eyebrow

F

Face skin • Facial disk • Family • Fast ice • Fathom • Fault •Feather • Feather fringe • Fecal sac • Femur • Feral • Ferrel cell • Fertilization • Fetch • Filoplume • Filter feeding • Finger • Fjord • Flagellum • Flank • Fledgling • Flight feathers • Flightless bird • Flipper • Fluke • Foot • Foot projection • Forced wave • Forecrown • Forehead • Foreneck • Foreshore • Forest • Forewing • Fossil • Fractal • Frazil ice • Fringing reef • Frons • Front • Frontal shield

G

Gabion • Gander • Gape • Gape flange • Genus • Gibber • Gill rakers • Glacier • Gleaning • Glide • Gonydeal angle • Gonys • Gorget • Gravitational lens • Grease ice • Grease ice • Groyne • Guano • Gular • Gular fluttering • Guyot • Gynandromorph • Gyre

H

H1N1 • Habitat • Habitat loss • Hackle • Hadal • Hadley cell • Half-hood • Halocline • Hand • Hatchling • Hawk • Headland • Heat capacity • Helium • Herbig-Haro object • Herbivore • Hermaphrodite • Hibernation • Hindneck • Holdfast • Holoplankton • Hood • Hotspot • Hover • Humerus • Hurricane • Hybrid • Hydrocarbon • Hydrogen • Hydrothermal vent

I-K

Ice age • Iceberg • Ice cap • Ice lead • Ice rafting • Ice sheet • Ice shelf • Igneous rock • Immature • Incertae sedis • Infraorder • Insectivore • Intermediate coast • Internal wave • International Standard Book Number • Introduced species • Intertropical convergence zone • Invertebrate • Iridescence • Irradiance • Irruption • Island arc • Isolating mechanisms • Isotasy • IUCN • Juvenile • Katabatic wind • Keel • Kite (verb) • Kleptoparasitism • Krypton

[TiF29-1] John H. Boyd III (November 11, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA II: Passeridae through Fringillidae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

[Encyclopedia-2] Terres, John K. (1980). The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. ISBN 0394466519.

[3] Hall, K.S.S. (2005), Do nine-primaried passerines have nine or ten primary feathers? The evolution of a concept, J. Ornithol. 146, 121-126.

[TiF30-4] John H. Boyd III (September 14, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA III: Calcariidae, Lamprospizidae, Parulidae, Icteridae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

[TiF31-5] John H. Boyd III (September 12, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA IV: Emberizidae and Passerellidae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

[TiF32-6] John H. Boyd III (November 17, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA V: Cardinalidae and Thraupidae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 24-01-2026. Check date values in: |access-date= (help)

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