| Bunting | |
|---|---|
| |
| Black-headed Bunting | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Inopinaves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Suborder: | Passeri |
| Clade: | Nine-primaried oscines |
| Epifamily: | Icteroidae |
| Clade: | Bunting and sparrow group |
| Family: | Emberizidae Vigors, 1825[1] |
| Genus: | Emberiza Linnaeus, 1758 |
| Subgenera | |
The buntings, Emberizidae, Emberiza are a family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with a distinctively shaped bill. They are divided into four subgenera.
Other buntings are found in Cardinalidae and Passerellidae.
Characteristics[]
Emberizids are small birds, typically around 15 cm in length, with finch-like bills and nine primary feathers. The family ranges in size from the Sporophila seedeaters, the smaller species of which are about 10 cm and weigh 9–10 grams, to the Abert's Towhee, at 24 cm (9.5 in), and the shorter-tailed, but chunkier Canyon Towhee, at 54 grams (1.9 oz). They live in a variety of habitats, including woodland, brush, marsh, and grassland. The Old World species tend to have brown, streaked, plumage, although some New World species can be very brightly coloured. Many species have distinctive head patterns. Their diet consists mainly of seeds, but may be supplemented with insects, especially when feeding the young.[2]
The habits of emberizids are similar to those of finches, with which they sometimes used to be grouped. Older sources may place some emberizids in the Fringillidae, and the common names of some emberizids still refer to them as finches. With a few exceptions, emberizids build cup-shaped nests from grasses and other plant fibres, and are monogamous.[2]
Systematics[]
The relationships of these birds with other groups within the huge nine-primaried oscine assemblage are at this point largely unresolved. Indeed relationships within the Emberizidae as defined here are uncertain with the possibility that each of the three main groups may not be all that closely related.
Taxonomy[]
The results of a recent biochemical study[3] suggest that Melophus, Latoucheornis, and Miliaria may be related to various members of Emberiza and perhaps should be subsumed within that genus.
- Subgenus Fringillaria -
- Brown-rumped Bunting, Emberiza affinis
- Golden-breasted Bunting, Emberiza flaviventris
- Somali Bunting, Emberiza poliopleura
- Cabanis's Bunting, Emberiza cabanisi
- Cape Bunting, Emberiza capensis
- Lark-like Bunting, Emberiza impetuani
- Socotra Bunting, Emberiza socotrana
- Gosling's Bunting, Emberiza goslingi
- Cinnamon-breasted Bunting, Emberiza tahapisi
- Striolated Bunting, Emberiza striolata
- House Bunting, Emberiza sahari
- Subgenus Schoeniclus-
- Slaty Bunting, Emberiza siemsseni
- Yellow-throated Bunting, Emberiza elegans
- Ochre-rumped Bunting / Japanese Reed-Bunting, Emberiza yessoensis
- Pallas's Bunting / Pallas's Reed-Bunting, Emberiza pallasi
- Reed Bunting / Common Reed-Bunting, Emberiza schoeniclus
- Yellow-breasted Bunting, Emberiza aureola
- Chestnut Bunting, Emberiza rutila
- Little Bunting, Emberiza pusilla
- Rustic Bunting, Emberiza rustica
- Black-faced Bunting, Emberiza spodocephala
- Yellow Bunting, Emberiza sulphurata
- Yellow-browed Bunting, Emberiza chrysophrys
- Tristram's Bunting, Emberiza tristrami
- Grey Bunting, Emberiza variabilis
- Subgenus Melophus –
- Crested Bunting, Emberiza lathami
- Black-headed Bunting, Emberiza melanocephala
- Red-headed Bunting, Emberiza bruniceps
- Subgenus Emberiza -
- Corn Bunting, Emberiza calandra
- Chestnut-eared Bunting, Emberiza fucata
- Jankowski's Bunting, Emberiza jankowskii
- Meadow Bunting, Emberiza cioides
- Tibetan Bunting, Emberiza koslowi
- Rock Bunting, Emberiza cia
- Godlewski's Bunting, Emberiza godlewskii
- Grey-necked Bunting, Emberiza buchanani
- Cinereous Bunting, Emberiza cineracea
- Ortolan Bunting, Emberiza hortulana
- Cretzschmar's Bunting, Emberiza caesia
- Cirl Bunting, Emberiza cirlus
- White-capped Bunting, Emberiza stewarti
- Yellowhammer, Emberiza citrinella
- Pine Bunting, Emberiza leucocephalos
In other families[]
Passerellidae[]
Chlorospingus seems to belong here too.[citation needed]
- Genus Arremon (13 species)
- Genus Arremonops (4 species)
- Genus Melozone (7 species)
- Genus Pipilo – towhees (9 species)
- Genus Aimophila (6 species)
- Genus Peucaea (8 species)
- Genus Oriturus – Striped Sparrow
- Genus Torreornis – Zapata Sparrow
- Genus Spizella (7 species)
- Genus Pooecetes – Vesper Sparrow
- Genus Chondestes – Lark Sparrow
- Genus Amphispiza (3 species)
- Genus Calamospiza – Lark Bunting
- Genus Passerculus (1–2 species) – savannah sparrows, Ipswich Sparrow, large-billed sparrows
- Genus Ammodramus (9 species)
- Genus Passerella – fox sparrows (probably 4 species)
- Genus Xenospiza – Sierra Madre Sparrow or Bailey's Sparrow
- Genus Melospiza (3 species)
- Genus Zonotrichia (5 species)
- Genus Junco – juncos (4 species)
The following are a group of apparently closely related neotropical sparrows known as the brush-finches
- Genus Atlapetes (around 28 species)
- Genus Buarremon (4 species)
- Genus Lysurus (2 species)
- Genus Pselliophorus (2 species)
- Genus Pezopetes – Large-footed Finch
Calcariidae[]
- Genus Calcarius (3 species)[4]
- Genus Rhyncophanes (1 species)
- Genus Plectrophenax – Arctic buntings (2 species)
Genera belonging elsewhere[]
The rest of the traditional Emberizidae are listed below. While they do not form a natural group most appear to be closer to various tanager genera, and for the largest part they are often known collectively as tanager-finches.
- Genus Amaurospiza – blue seedeaters (4 species) - may belong with certain grosbeaks (Cyanocompsa) in the family Cardinalidae.
- Genus Acanthidops – Peg-billed Finch
- Genus Camarhynchus – tree-finches (5–6 species)
- Genus Catamenia – atypical seedeaters (3 species)
- Genus Certhidea – Warbler Finch
- Genus Charitospiza – Coal-crested Finch
- Genus Coereba – Bananaquit
- Genus Coryphaspiza – Black-masked Finch
- Genus Coryphospingus (2 species)
- Genus Diglossa – typical flowerpiercers (14 species)
- Genus Diglossopis – blue flowerpiercers (4 species)
- Genus Diuca – diuca-finches (2 species)
- Genus Dolospingus – White-naped Seedeater
- Genus Donacospiza – Long-tailed Reed-finch
- Genus Emberizoides – grass-finches (3 species)
- Genus Embernagra (2 species)
- Genus Euneornis – Orangequit
- Genus Geospiza – ground finches (6 species)
- Genus Gubernatrix – Yellow Cardinal
- Genus Haplospiza (2 species)
- Genus Idiopsar – Short-tailed Finch
- Genus Incaspiza (5 species)
- Genus Lophospingus (2 species)
- Genus Loxigilla – Antillean bullfinches (4 species)
- Genus Loxipasser – Yellow-shouldered Grassquit
- Genus Melanodera (2 species)
- Genus Melanospiza – St. Lucia Black Finch
- Genus Melopyrrha – Cuban Bullfinch
- Genus Nesospiza – Tristan da Cunha finches (3 species)
- Genus Oryzoborus – seed-finches (6 species)
- Genus Paroaria – cardinal-tanagers (5 species)
- Genus Phrygilus – sierra-finches (11 species)
- Genus Piezorhina – Cinereous Finch
- Genus Pinaroloxias – Cocos Island Finch
- Genus Poospiza – warbling-finches (17 species)
- Genus Rhodospingus – Crimson-breasted Finch
- Genus Rowettia – Gough Finch
- Genus Saltatricula – Many-colored Chaco-finch
- Genus Sicalis – yellow-finches (12 species)
- Genus Sporophila – typical seedeaters (some 55 species)
- Genus Tiaris – typical grassquits (5 species)
- Genus Volatinia – Blue-black Grassquit
- Genus Xenospingus – Slender-billed Finch
References[]
- ^ John H. Boyd III (September 12, 2011). "CORE PASSEROIDEA IV: Emberizidae and Passerellidae". TiF Checklist. Retrieved 19-04-2024. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ^ a b Baptista, Luis F. (1991). Forshaw, Joseph, ed. Encyclopaedia of Animals: Birds. London: Merehurst Press. pp. 210–212. ISBN 1-85391-186-0.
- ^ Alström, P., Olsson, U., Lei, F., Wang, H-t., Gao, W. & Sundberg, P. Phylogeny and classification of the Old World Emberizini (Aves, Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 47, pp. 960-973.
- ^ Klicka J, Zink RM, Winker K. 2003. Longspurs and snow buntings: phylogeny and biogeography of a high-latitude clade (Calcarius). Mol Phylogenet Evol. Feb;26(2):165-75.
External links[]
- Emberizidae videos, photos and sounds on the Internet Bird Collection
- Emberizidae sounds on xeno-canto.org
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This article is part of Project Bird Families, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird family, including made-up families. |
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This article is part of Project Bird Taxonomy, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on every order, family and other taxonomic rank related to birds. |