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''{{For|rosy finches and the finch in ''[[Erythrina ]]''|Leucosticte|Common Rosefinch}}''
  
''{{For|rosy finches and the finch in ''[[Erythrina ]]''|Leucosticte|Common Rosefinch}}''
   
−
{{Taxobox
 +
{{automatic Taxobox
  +
| taxon = Carpodacus
 
| name = Rosefinches
  
| name = Rosefinches
−
| image = Uragus sibiricus.jpg
 +
| image = Common Rosefinch.png
−
| image_width =
+
| image_width = 230px
  +
| parent_authority = Bonaparte, 1853
−
| image_caption = [[Long-tailed Rosefinch]]
  
  ⚫
| authority = Kaup, 1829
−
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
  
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| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
  
−
| classis = [[bird|Aves]]
  
⚫
| ordo = [[Passeriformes]]
  
−
| familia = [[Fringillidae]]
  
−
| subfamilia = [[Carduelinae]]
  
−
| genus = '''''Carpodacus''''' (but see text)
  
⚫
| genus_authority = Kaup, 1829
  
 
| subdivision_rank =Species
  
| subdivision_rank =Species
 
| subdivisions = See text.
  
| subdivisions = See text.
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==Species==
  
==Species==
−
* '''American rosefinches''' (''[[Haemorhous]]'')
 +
* '''Branch 1'''
⚫
** [[Cassin's Finch]], ''Haemorhous cassinii''
  
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** [[Purple Finch]], ''Haemorhous purpureus''
  
−
** [[House Finch]], ''Haemorhous mexicanus''
  
⚫
* '''Dark-breasted Rosefinch''' (probably a distinct genus ''Procarduelis'',<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hodgson|first=B. H.|date=1844 (1845)|title=Genus: ''Procarduelis''|journal=J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal|volume=XIII|pages=954}}</ref> perhaps belonging in [[Fringillinae]])
  
⚫
** [[Dark-breasted Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus nipalensis''
  
−
* '''Common Rosefinch''' (probably a distinct genus)
  
 
** [[Common Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus erythrinus''
  
** [[Common Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus erythrinus''
−
* '''Scarlet Finch''' (traditionally separated as ''Haematospiza'')
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** [[Scarlet Finch]], ''Carpodacus sipahi'' (traditionally separated as ''Haematospiza'')
  +
* '''Branch 2'''
⚫
** [[Scarlet Finch]], ''Carpodacus sipahi''
  
  +
** [[Bonin Grosbeak]], ''Carpodacus ferreorostris''
⚫
* '''Streaked rosefinches''' (possibly genus ''Uragus'' and/or ''Rubicilla'')
  
  +
* '''Branch 3'''
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** [[Caucasian Great Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rubicilla''
  
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** [[Spotted Great Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus severtzovi''
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** [[Blyth's Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus grandis''
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** [[Streaked Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rubicilloides''
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** [[Red-mantled Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rhodochlamys''
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** [[Long-tailed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus sibiricus''
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** [[Pink-rumped Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus eos''
⚫
* '''Tibetan Rosefinch''' (possibly a distinct genus ''Kozlowia'')
  
⚫
** [[Tibetan Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus roborowskii''
  
⚫
* '''Red-fronted Rosefinch''' (possibly a distinct genus ''Pyrrhospiza'')
  
⚫
** [[Red-fronted Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus puniceus''
  
⚫
* '''Asian rosefinches''', ''Carpodacus'' proper
  
 
** [[Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus thura''
  
** [[Himalayan White-browed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus thura''
 
** [[Chinese White-browed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus dubius''
  
** [[Chinese White-browed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus dubius''
  ⚫
** [[Dark-rumped Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus edwardsii''
  ⚫
** [[Pink-browed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rhodochroa''
  +
** [[Sharpe's Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus verreauxii''
  ⚫
** [[Spot-winged Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rhodopeplus''
  ⚫
** [[Vinaceous Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus vinaceus''
  ⚫
** [[Taiwan Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus formosanus''
  +
* '''Branch 4'''
  ⚫
** [[Sinai Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus synoicus''
  ⚫
** [[Pale Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus stoliczkae''
  ⚫
** [[Sillem's Mountain-Finch]], ''Carpodacus sillemi''
  ⚫
** [[Tibetan Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus roborowskii'' (formerly a distinct genus ''Kozlowia'')
  ⚫
** [[Streaked Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rubicilloides'' (formerly in the genus ''Uragus'' and/or ''Rubicilla'')
  +
** [[Great Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rubicilla'' (formerly in the genus ''Uragus'' and/or ''Rubicilla'')
  +
** [[Long-tailed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus sibiricus'' (formerly in the genus ''Uragus'' and/or ''Rubicilla'')
  ⚫
** [[Red-fronted Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus puniceus'' (formerly a distinct genus ''Pyrrhospiza'')
  ⚫
** [[Crimson-browed Finch]], ''Carpodacus subhimachalus'' (generally placed in ''[[Pinicola]]'' or in a monotypic genus, may belong in the rosefinch group.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Groth | first = Jeffrey G. | authorlink = | title = A mitochondrial cytochrome b phylogeny of cardueline finches | journal = Journal für Ornithologie | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 31 | year = 1994|issn = 0021-8375}}</ref>)
 
** [[Pallas's Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus roseus''
  
** [[Pallas's Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus roseus''
 
** [[Three-banded Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus trifasciatus''
  
** [[Three-banded Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus trifasciatus''
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* '''''[[Incertae sedis]]''''', placement uncertain (most probably belong to Asian group)
  
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** [[Blanford's Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rubescens'' – Perhaps related to Dark-breasted Rosefinch
  
 
** [[Himalayan Beautiful-Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus pulcherrimus''
  
** [[Himalayan Beautiful-Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus pulcherrimus''
 
** [[Chinese Beautiful-Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus davidianus''
  
** [[Chinese Beautiful-Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus davidianus''
  +
−
** [[Pink-rumped Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus eos''
  
  +
===Moved to other genera===
⚫
** [[Pink-browed Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rhodochroa''
  
  ⚫
* '''American rosefinches''' (''[[Haemorhous]]'')
⚫
** [[Vinaceous Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus vinaceus''
  
  ⚫
** [[Cassin's Finch]], ''Haemorhous cassinii''
⚫
*** Taiwanese Rosefinch, ''Carpodacus (vinaceus) formosanus''
  
−
** [[Dark-rumped Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus edwardsii''
 +
** [[Purple Finch]], ''Haemorhous purpureus''
−
** [[Pale Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus synoicus''
 +
** [[House Finch]], ''Haemorhous mexicanus''
  ⚫
* '''Dark-breasted Rosefinch''' (a distinct genus ''Procarduelis'',<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hodgson|first=B. H.|date=1844 (1845)|title=Genus: ''Procarduelis''|journal=J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal|volume=XIII|pages=954}}</ref> perhaps belonging in [[Fringillinae]])
⚫
** [[Spot-winged Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rhodopeplus''
  
−
** [[Red-mantled Rosefinch]], ''Carpodacus rhodochlamys''
 +
** [[Dark-breasted Rosefinch]], ''Procarduelis nipalensis''
  +
* '''''[[Agraphospiza]]'''''
⚫
* '''Crimson-browed Finch''', generally placed in ''[[Pinicola]]'' or in a monotypic genus, may belong in the rosefinch group.<ref>{{Cite journal | last = Groth | first = Jeffrey G. | authorlink = | title = A mitochondrial cytochrome b phylogeny of cardueline finches | journal = Journal für Ornithologie | volume = 135 | issue = 1 | pages = 31 | year = 1994|issn = 0021-8375}}</ref>
  
  ⚫
** [[Blanford's Rosefinch]], ''Agraphospiza rubescens'' – Perhaps related to Dark-breasted Rosefinch
−
** [[Crimson-browed Finch]], ''Propyrrhula subhimachala''
  
   
 
== References ==
  
== References ==
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{{Project Bird Genera}}
  
{{Project Bird Genera}}
 
{{Wiki|{{PN}}}}
  
{{Wiki|{{PN}}}}
⚫
[[Category:Carpodacus|*]]
  
 
[[Category:Fringillidae|*{{PN}}]]
  
[[Category:Fringillidae|*{{PN}}]]
  +
[[Category:Carduelinae|*{{PN}}]]
  +
[[Category:Carpodacini|*{{PN}}]]
  ⚫
[[Category:Carpodacus| ]]
  ⚫
[[Category:Genera of Passeriformes]]

Latest revision as of 08:09, 13 May 2020

For rosy finches and the finch in Erythrina , see Leucosticte and Common Rosefinch.
Rosefinches
File:Common Rosefinch.png
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Inopinaves
Order: Passeriformes
Suborder: Passeri
Clade: Nine-primaried oscines
Family: Fringillidae
Subfamily: Carduelinae
Tribe: Carpodacini
Bonaparte, 1853
Genus: Carpodacus
Kaup, 1829

The rosefinches are birds in the finch family Fringillidae. Most Carpodacus species are called "rosefinches", but the three North American species are simply called "finches". As the names imply, various shades of red are the characteristic plumage colours of this group. The Common Rosefinch is frequently called the "rosefinch".

Rosefinches are found throughout the northern hemisphere, but the greatest diversity is in Asia. Most species are traditionally placed in the large genus Carpodacus.

Systematics

Comparison of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences strongly indicates that the genus Carpodacus is in need of a thorough revision.[1] For example, the Dark-breasted Rosefinch, a species with very distinctive appearance, is also very distinct genetically and definitely belongs in another genus, which may even be placed in the chaffinch-brambling subfamily Fringillinae; all other species belong to the cardueline finch subfamily (Carduelinae).

There have been a number of rosefinch radiations. First to split off were the ancestors of the North American species, the Common Rosefinch, and the Scarlet Finch, generally placed in its own genus. These groups, which may be related, diverged in the Middle Miocene (about 14–12 mya) from the proto-rosefinches. Each of these groups probably should constitute a distinct genus; in the case of the North American species, it would be Burrica. The types of the genera Erythrina Brehm 1829 and Carpodacus Kaup 1829 are frequently considered to be the Common Rosefinch, but both refer to Pallas's Rosefinch.[2]

The Long-tailed Rosefinch, traditionally also placed in a monotypic genus, is closely allied to the Streaked Rosefinch and possibly other species; they diverged around 11–10 mya and either might be placed in Carpodacus or united in Uragus. If the latter is adopted, the bulk of the Asian species would be retained in Carpodacus or placed in the genus Rubicilla.

Przewalski's "Rosefinch" (Urocynchramus pylzowi) has been determined to be not a rosefinch, and indeed not a true finch at all, but to constitute a monotypic family Urocynchramidae.[3]

A 2011 paper argues on the basis of DNA evidence that the Asian rosefinches are the closest relatives of the Hawaiian honeycreepers.[4]

Species

Moved to other genera

References

Template:No footnotes

  1. ^ Arnaiz-Villena, A.; Guillén, J.; Ruiz-del-Valle, V.; Lowy, E.; Zamora, J.; Varela, P.; Stefani, D. & Allende, L. M. (2001). "Phylogeography of crossbills, bullfinches, grosbeaks, and rosefinches" (PDF). Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 58 (8): 1159–1166. PMID 11529508. doi:10.1007/PL00000930.  Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help)
  2. ^ Banks, Richard C.; Browning, M. Ralph (July, 1995). "Comments on the Status of Revived Old Names for Some North American Birds" (PDF). The Auk. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 112 (3): 633–648. JSTOR 4088679.  Cite uses deprecated parameter |coauthors= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
  3. ^ Groth, J. G. (2000). "Molecular evidence for the systematic position of Urocynchramus pylzowi" (PDF). Auk. 117 (3): 787–792. ISSN 0004-8038. doi:10.1642/0004-8038(2000)117[0787:MEFTSP]2.0.CO;2. 
  4. ^ Lerner, Heather R. L.; Meyer, Matthias; James, Helen F.; Hofreiter, Michael; Fleischer, Robert C. (2011). "Multilocus Resolution of Phylogeny and Timescale in the Extant Adaptive Radiation of Hawaiian Honeycreepers". Current Biology. 21 (21): 1838–1844. PMID 22018543. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.09.039. 
  5. ^ Groth, Jeffrey G. (1994). "A mitochondrial cytochrome b phylogeny of cardueline finches". Journal für Ornithologie. 135 (1): 31. ISSN 0021-8375. 
  6. ^ Hodgson, B. H. (1844 (1845)). "Genus: Procarduelis". J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal. XIII: 954.  Check date values in: |date= (help)

External links


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