Stone-curlew

Stone-curlews
Bush Stone-curlew, Burhinus grallarius
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Charadriiformes
Family:	Burhinidae Mathews, 1912
Genera
Burhinus Esacus

The Stone-curlews, also known as Dikkops or Thick-knees are a group of largely tropical birds in the family Burhinidae. Despite the group being classified as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia.

They are medium to large birds with strong black or yellow black bills, large yellow eyes—which give them a reptilian appearance—and cryptic plumage. The names Thick-knee and Stone-curlew are both in common use, the preference among authorities for one term or the other varying from year to year. The term Stone-curlew owes its origin to the broad similarities with true curlews (which are not closely related). Thick-knee refers to the prominent joints in the long yellow or greenish legs and apparently originated with a name coined in 1776 for B. oedicnemus, the Thick-kneed Bustard.

They are largely nocturnal, particularly when singing their loud wailing songs, which are reminiscent of true curlews.

The diet consists mainly of insects and other invertebrates. Larger species will also take lizards and even small mammals.

Most species are sedentary, but the Stone Curlew is a summer migrant in the temperate European part of its range, wintering in Africa.

Species

The nine species are:

Picture	Name	Binomial name
File:Burhinus oedicnemus -central India-8.jpg	Eurasian Stone-curlew	Burhinus oedicnemus
No picture	Senegal Thick-knee	Burhinus senegalensis
File:Waterdikkop-crop.jpg	Water Thick-knee	Burhinus vermiculatus
File:Cape Thick-knees.jpg	Spotted Thick-knee	Burhinus capensis
File:Double-striped Thick-knee.jpg	Double-striped Thick-knee	Burhinus bistriatus
File:Peruvian Thick-knee (Burhinus superciliaris).jpg	Peruvian Thick-knee	Burhinus superciliaris
	Bush Stone-curlew	Burhinus grallarius (formerly B. magnirostris, the Bush Thick-knee).
File:Thimindu 2009 09 27 Yala Great Stone Curlew 2.JPG	Great Stone-curlew	Esacus recurvirostris
File:Beach Thick-knee Inskip Pt2.JPG	Beach Stone-curlew	Esacus giganteus (formerly E. magnirostris, the Beach Thick-knee).

External links

• Thick-knees videos on the Internet Bird Collection

This article is part of Project Bird Families, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on each bird family, including made-up families.

This article is part of Project Bird Taxonomy, a All Birds project that aims to write comprehensive articles on every order, family and other taxonomic rank related to birds.